USDA Cold Hardiness Update

Samazana ni
hana sakikeri to
mishi nobe no
onaji iro ni mo
shimogarenikeru

Fields we saw
blooming with
so many different flowers,
frost withered now
to a single hue.

-Saigyo, Poems of a Mountain Home

Here in the North East we are firmly entrenched in winter. Though it's been relatively mild on the whole, I still find myself staring longingly in to the cold. When I can't stand it any more, I head outside and putter about, but really, there's nothing much to do other than long for spring and contemplate these quiet times.

Now that we've mused a bit, some real news of interest, though admitedly, it effects growing plants in the ground far more than it effects our bonsai. The USDA has updated its Hardiness zones. Discussion about global warming aside, the map has been updated to reflect the trends of warmer winters here in the states since the last time it was updated in 1990. You can find a good copy of the new map here: http://planthardiness.ars.usda.gov/PHZMWeb/. There is an option to search for your location by zip code, which is handy for those folks on the edges of zones.

This may mean little to some people. It may be important to others. It might prompt some to try their hand at a tree not normally viable in their previous zone, but which would more easily survive with the updated map. What it will mean will be some different stock possibly available at local nurseries, and the buyers become aware of this change and can reasonable expand their stock by a whole zone. As bonsai growers, we have always, and will always, offer additional winter protection to our plants, and the change of my own location from zone 6B to zone 7A won't be changing that. But maybe I'll take a gander at a few species I was on the fence about before. Hmmmm.....

Summer Poetry and Maples

Michi no be ni
shimizu nagaruru
yanagi kage
shibashi tote koso
tachidomaritsure

In willow shade
where clear water flows
by the wayside-
"Just awhile!" I said
as I stopped to rest

-Saigyo, Poems of a Mountain Home

Summer is here, with a large lack of spring. Today was the first day in a month in a half that I've had to water the bonsai myself. I shall not miss the rain, I promise you that. We didn't really have a spring this year, and summer is launching right in to the thick of things with the wet, humid heat that breeds fungus and pests in bonsai and discontent in bonsaists. Watch here for the next installment of the Closer Look, Bonsai Pests. We'll be hitting Scale insects next.

My species sheet on Japanese Maples has hit the newstands at KOB, check it out!
http://knowledgeofbonsai.org/forum/viewtopic.php?f=117&t=2937

A Closer Look: Watering - Rain Rain

Tsukuzuku to
noki no shizuku o
nagametsutsu
hi o nomi kurasu
samidare no koro

Staring blankly
at the drops
from the rafter ends,
barely getting through the days -
fifth-month rainy season

****

Samidare wa
iwa seku numa no
mizu fukami
wakeshi ishima no
kayoido mo nashi

Rock-damned marsh-
in fifth month rains
so full of water
you can't pick your way
over the stones any longer

****

Samidare wa
yukubeki michi no
ate mo nashi
ozasa ga hara mo
uki ni nagarete

In fifth month rains
no trace of a path
where I can make my way,
meadows of bamboo grass
awash in mud


*****

Saigyo, one of my favorite poets, seemed about as irritated, yet resigned, as I am about the rain. Though June is the sixth month of the Gregorian calender, in times past (Saigyo was born in 1118 CE, in Kyoto, for the curious) Japan's fifth month ran from around the middle of May to the middle of June. And Japan's fifth month, was of course, the rainy season.

Here on Long Island, we don't have a rainy season. Yes, like many places, it rains more in the spring than other times..... but this.... this is not typical. It has rained six out of seven days a week (or more) for the last five weeks. Some days it has only showered briefly, but other days (like today) it has just poured down buckets all day long.

This is a problem. Don't get me wrong, my garden is *loving* all of this rain. It is so happy right now if they could, the plants would get up and do the watusi. However, as has been stated over and over again by many, many bonsai enthusiasts... a pot is not the same as the ground. And my bonsai are a little dubious of all this rain.

I can already hear the question, "well, don't you have a good, free draining soil mix? What's the worry?" I *do* have a free draining soil mix. It's great, and I haven't had any issues with root rot, well, ever, but that's as much from watering correctly as it is from the soil mix. You *can* over water, even with a free draining mix, it's just a lot harder, and most people won't be out there, soaking their trees six or seven times a day in my climate.

But the worry is related to that, in its way. The soil never getting a chance to even partially dry out. I repotted a lot of trees this year, including several from over grown nursery containers where I had to put a lot of stress on their roots just to sort out the mess. Let's say that easily a third of my trees are, this season, on sub par root systems, for one reason or another. So what do I want from those trees this season? I want them to grow roots! Lots and lots of roots. But see, here is the problem.

When roots are always wet, they don't need to grow as much to get the water they need. It's all right there! This is noticeable on Jade trees you might have indoors. You can't even get a cutting from one of those suckers to root unless you let it dry out a little. Jades put out roots in response to low water situations. A lot of trees are like this, only it's not so obvious as Jade cuttings that'll sprout roots in a day or two under the right conditions. Ever wonder why they tell you to water lightly after a tree has been repotted? Many people cite that it is because the tree doesn't need as much water, and the roots can't take up as much water, since they've been pruned, and you might rot out the roots. This is half of the story. It's also because if the roots are kept soaking wet, they don't need to *try* to grow. The plant tells itself "there is plenty of water coming up here, we don't need to release hormones that will make the roots grow. We're steady in this pot (they put wires on us for that), so between stability and a readily available source of water (we'll worry about nutrients later), we're good to go!"

So, where does this leave me? Trees that I would have watered sparingly (plenty to keep them alive, just not like this, sheesh) are getting soaked and staying soaked.... every day. So root growth has slowed down considerably. Ok, again, what's the big deal? So the trees need an extra year to recover, right? Maybe, but for different reasons than just improved rootage.

Michael Hagedorn commented on what is going to be my problem in a month or so on his blog, http://crataegus.com/2009/05/31/watering-tip/.

Before the real summer heat hits, consider how you are watering your
trees.
Have you ever seen your trees grow through spring just fine,
only to get fried leaves at the first onset of early summer? Ever wonder why
that happens?

Those trees just don’t have enough roots. Those are the trees that got
overwatered, or simply never dried out, in the cool spring months. Their roots
were never encouraged to hunt out water, so these trees could survive in the
moist cool weather on about three roots. First hot day: bam, they get hit hard
as they have a spindly root system, not enough to support their overlarge, over
long leaves and shoots on dry hot days. (A bonsai version of a company that has
overspent just before a recession…)

Especially on cool overcast days, if you can monitor them, water each
tree only when it is really drying out and not by rote. Watering by a schedule
is the surest way to have some really weak trees that show themselves in the hot
summer!

I discovered this the hard way two years ago, when I thought I was doing my newly repotted trees a favor by giving them extra water to make it easier on them. And, as Michael said *bam*, first hot day, bad news. At the time, I knew the trees weren't getting enough water to keep the leaves from burning, but why? I watered them, plenty! I just didn't know. It took me a couple months and *a lot* of reading (in some very heavy botany books) to figure out what had happened, and why those trees, that had seemed so healthy, that I had been watering (what I thought) was correctly, had ended up like that.

It's just like kids. Making everything easy for them doesn't encourage them to grow. They have no reason to. I'm not saying kids (or bonsai) need to be thrown to the wolves- but a little hard work never hurt anyone.

So in July and August, I can pretty much count on most of the trees I repotted and did serious root pruning on this year having trouble. Too much heat, not enough roots, so not enough water getting up in to the leaves. This, beside the obvious unsightliness, is more importantly an issue because of the stress these trees will be under. Stressed bonsai are more susceptible to disease, pests, die back, and a host of other issues.

If the roots ain't healthy folks, ain't nothing healthy.

There is, unfortunately, little I can do about it at this point. Those trees that were repotted have been placed under bonsai benches and generally shaded from the worst of the rain, but with the humidity so high, the soil is still unable to dry out. When the rain stops, and it starts to get hot, these trees (especially those that I know already have the weakest root systems) will continue to be protected, especially from the sun in the hottest part of the day even if I wouldn't have normally worried about them. These trees will get a changed fertilizer regime, lowering the amount of nitrogen, but keeping the phosphorus and potassium at the same levels. This will help keep the amount of foliage that the roots need to supply with water to a more manageable level (lower nitrogen), but still encourage root growth (phosphorus).

Hey, I said I didn't want to throw them to the wolves, didn't I?

In Japan, watering is considered an art in and of itself, and some apprentices are at a nursery for two or three years before they are even allowed to touch a watering can. I'll be honest, I'm not certain I should be allowed near the hose myself.

But I'm learning.

Recalling the Blossoms After They've Scattered

Photo by Harold Davis


Aoba sae
mireba kokoro no
tomaru kana
chirinishi hana no
nagori to omoeba


Once I see
the new green leaves,
my heart may take to them too-
if I think of them as mementos
of blossoms that scattered


-Saigyo, Poems of the Mountain Home

Hana osage naru

On Mount Yoshino

Snoflakes scattering down

from cherry limbs-

one of those years

when blossoms come late.

Yoshinoyama

sakura ga eda ni

yuki chirite

hana osoge naru

toshi ni mo aru kana

Spring isn't actually late as it was the year Saigyo wrote this poem, but I am done with winter. It has never been a favorite season of mine (though making snowmen with Rowan is fun, it is really the only highlight). I am as sleepy as my trees thoughout this darker season, and I find myself continually turning toward the sun in hopes that it will be warming instead of merely bright.

News? No, this isn't news, merely a momentary musing as I wait for spring.

Here, however, is news.

The fundraiser for GB went well. Everyone who came had a good time, good laughs, and most walked away with some nice auction prizes, ranging from gift certificates, to handmade jewlery, from tools to trees. Even some of the bar patrons got in on the act, several of them walking out with bonsai trees of their own, instructions in their care, and contact info if they have further questions. All in all, it was a fun day.

I mentioned some exciting news in my last post. I have been invited to be an editor at the Knowledge of Bonsai, and the Art of Bonsai forums. This came as a bit of a surprise, though admittedly a very pleasant one. I have been enjoying the content, as well as the posters there for some time now, and am very excited about the chance to participate on a more in depth level.